It is generally represented by the symbol same letter, however, it rarely causes any confusion.V and measured in volts (V). Note that the the unit of voltage are both denoted by the same letter, however, it rarely causes any confusion.
The symbol the symbol V also signifies a constant voltage (DC) whereas a time varying (AC) voltage is represented by the symbol v or v(t).
Voltage is always measured across a circuit element as demonstrated in Figure 2.2
Figure 2.2:A voltmeter is connected in parallel with the circuit element,R to measure the voltage across it.
A voltage source provides the energy or emf (electromotive force) required for current flow.However,current can only exist if there is a potential difference and a physical path to flow.A potential difference of 0 V between two points implies 0 A of current flowing through them.The current I Figure 2.3 is 0 A since the potential difference across R(2) is 0 V. In this case, a physical path but there is no potential difference. This is equivalent.
Figure 2.3:The potential difference across R(2) is 0V,hence the current I is 0A where V(s) and I(s) are the voltage and current sources respectively.
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